Rola systemu lustrzanych neuronów w rozwoju języka i komunikacji interpersonalnej

The aim of the article is to present information – based on a review of the literature – concerning the mirror-neuron systems (MNS). In particular, the article is to describe the role of mirror neurons in the development and functioning of language, both in the verbal and the non-verbal form of interpersonal communication. The aim of the present work is to stress the role of MNS in the process of the formation of language brain structures, first in prenatal stage and then in postnatal life. Functions of MNS activity in non-verbal interpersonal communication in such processes as imitation, intuition, empathy, processes of theories of mind (ToM), mentalisation, and intersubjectivity are discussed in greater detail

Profil osobowości chorych na hemofilię (badania porównawcze)

The aim of the research presented here was to assess the influence of chronic disease (haemophilia) in the family on the personalities of the family members. The study group consisted of male haemophiliacs who were then compared with a group of healthy men; the elements analysed were demographic and social variables, personality traits and the awareness of controlling one’s health.The results achieved on the basis of personal questionnaire, HPI and MHLC made it possible to draw a number of interesting conclusions.It turned out that men with haemophilia were characterized by significantly lower level of readiness to establish social relationships than men from the control group.Haemophiliacs were more apt to become involved in social activities and more ready to help others as compared with healthy men. Another difference was chronically ill men were less open to spheres of life not directly connected with the soild ground of reality, e.g. philosophy. It also turned out that they were less egocentric than healthy men. Healthy men were more prone to risky behaviour than the ones with haemophilia.The results of research concerning the awareness of controlling one’s health in the two groups under study showed that haemophiliacs were less convinced than healty men that the condition of their health depended on their own activities

The Process of Parentification in the context of Family Systems Theory

W niniejszym artykule, który ma charakter teoretyczno-przeglądowy, zwrócono uwagę na specyfikę i uwarunkowania ról rodzinnych, charakterystykę dysfunkcyjnego procesu odwracania ról w rodzinie (parentyfikacja), klasyfikacje parentyfikacji oraz pozytywne i negatywne konsekwencje doświadczenia odwrócenia ról między rodzicami a dzieckiem. Polska literatura psychologiczna i pedagogiczna na temat zjawiska parentyfikacji jest skromna zarówno pod względem teoretycznym, jak i empirycznym. Eksplorowanie tego zjawiska jest niezwykle ważne nie tylko ze względu na obciążenie dziecka przerastającymi je obowiązkami, lecz także ze względu na role i zadania rozwojowe, które są właściwe dla wieku dziecka (np. edukacja szkolna, socjalizacja, nawiązywanie więzi z rówieśnikami, budowanie przyjaźni), których ze względu na przytłoczenie obowiązkami dziecko nie może realizować. Należy zatem przyjąć, że gruntowna wiedza na temat parentyfikacji i umiejętność odróżniania jej od podobnych jej zjawisk umożliwi nauczycielom, pedagogom, psychologom, terapeutom i pracownikom socjalnym dokładniejsze dopasowanie interwencji terapeutycznych do potrzeb dziecka i jego rodziny.This review article draws attention to the characteristics and conditions of family roles, the characteristics of the dysfunctional process of reversing roles between family members (parentification), the classifications of parentification as well as positive and negative consequences of experiencing the role reversal between parents and a child. In polish psychological and pedagogical literature there is lack of research on parentification. Exploring this phenomenon is very significant not only because of the fact that parentified children are overwhelmed with responsibilities, but also because of the roles and developmental tasks that are adequate to child’s age (i.e., school education, socialization, establishing relationships with peers, building friendships) that cannot be performed due to being overcharged with the duties imposed by the parents. Therefore, having thorough knowledge of parentification and the ability to distinguish it from the similar phenomena enables teachers, educators, psychologists, therapists and social workers matching more accurate interventions to the needs of the child and its family

Perception of family relationships and temperament traits in adolescents from transnational families

The aim of this paper is to analyse the differences between perceived family relationships by adolescents from migrant and nonmigrant families and their temperamental traits. In the study 152 adolescents participated, aged 18 years, who formed two groups: criterial and control group in each of them were 46 girls and 30 boys. The following measures were used in the study: Family Relationship Questionnaire (KRR) (Plopa, Połomski, 2008), Buss and Plomin EAS Temperament Questionnaire (Polish adaptation, Oniszczenko, 1997), interview questionnaire prepared by authors to collect demographic data and information about parent’s migration. The results of the study showed that girls from migrant families declare higher levels of sociability and fear, while the boys from families of this type are characterized by higher levels of anger. Moreover, results showed gender differences in perception of family relationships. It was found that girls from families with migrating father perceive a higher level of family communication, cohesion and family identity compared with boys from such families. The above results are not observed in the control group. The results also show the importanc

Mariage and Family Functioning

Marriage and family are social structures that although they are closely related, they are not identical. What is making them different is: specificity of the relation, the nature of power and functions, roles and tasks which socially were granted them. The study of marriage is a subject of various scientific disciplines such as law, theology, sociology and psychology. According to assumptions of the system theory the quality and character of the relation between spouses in the significant way are projecting onto the family entire system. We may say, that the marriage constitutes the important point of reference, the base, on which relations and bonds are being built between members of other family subsystems, a family system of values is being shaped and ways of communicating and solving family conflicts. Discussing the issues so much folded and diversified concerning the interrelation among the married couple and the family in one article due to limited volume frames, is impossible. Therefore, in this study are presented only some of the issues that point to the role that marriage fulfills towards other family subsystems i.e. parental subsystem or siblings subsystem. Particular attention in this article has been paid to issues such as interdisciplinary nature of research on marriage; resemblance of partners as marital selection criteria; marriage as a subsystem of the family; communication, as the base that spouses can efficiently cope with the tasks of life.Małżeństwo i rodzina to struktury społeczne, które chociaż są ze sobą ściśle powiązane, to jednak nie są tożsame. Tym, co je różni, to: specyfika relacji, charakter władzy oraz funkcje, role i zadania, jakie zostały im społecznie nadane. Problematyka małżeńska stanowi przedmiot zainteresowań wielu dyscyplin naukowych, wtym prawa, teologii, socjologii i psychologii. Zgodnie z założeniami teorii systemowej, jakość i charakter relacji między małżonkami w istotny sposób rzutuje na cały system rodzinny. Można zatem powiedzieć, że małżeństwo stanowi dla członków rodziny ważny punkt odniesienia, czyli podstawę, na której budowane są relacje i więzi między członkami innych podsystemów rodzinnych, kształtowany jest rodzinny system wartości oraz sposoby komunikowania się i rozwiązywania konfliktów rodzinnych. Omówienie bardzo złożonej i zróżnicowanej problematyki dotyczącej wzajemnych relacji między małżeństwem i rodziną w jednym artykule, z uwagi na ograniczone jego ramy objętościowe, jest niemożliwe. Dlatego też w niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawione zostały tylko wybrane kwestie, które wskazują na rolę, jaką małżeństwo pełni wobec innych podsystemów rodzinnych, tj. podsystemu rodzicielskiego czy podsystemu rodzeństwa. Szczególną uwagę w tym artykule zwrócono na takie kwestie, jak: interdyscyplinarny charakter badań nad małżeństwem; podobieństwo partnerów jako kryterium doboru małżeńskiego; małżeństwo jako podsystem rodziny; komunikacja jako podstawa sprawnego radzenia sobie małżonków z zadaniami życiowymi

Original article Personal identity among adolescents from transnational families

Background Parents’ labour migration generates new types of families – transnational family, where one parent or both parents migrate and leave their children behind. Separation with parents could influence the child’s psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to analyse the situation of adolescents who experience separation from their parent/parents caused by labour migration, especially how temporary absence of the parent is associated with the adolescents’ personal identity. Participants and procedure Participants were 99 high school youth from transnational families and 76 from non-transnational families who were asked to fill out the following measures: Identity Development Scale (U-GIDS) (Meeus, 1996; Rostowski, 1997), the in­terview questionnaire to collect information about parents’ migration. Results The migration factor differentiates: occurrence of personal identity statuses – in the area of interpersonal relationships (with parents and peers) and school. Conclusions Separation from a parent caused by labour migration is linked to occurrence of personal identity statuses